Numbers needed to harm (NNHs) were calculated. Chi-square test or Fisher exact test, one-way analysis of variance for parametric data, and Kruskal-Wallis test for nonparametric data were used as appropriate. ![]() Data are expressed as mean ± SD or median (range). Results were considered statistically significant when P was less than 0.05. To compensate for possible dropouts, we enrolled 60 patients, i.e. , 30 patients for each group. For an 80% power and an α of 0.05, 52 patients (26 patients in each group) were needed. The required number of patients for the study groups was calculated in expectation of an incidence of postoperative hoarseness of 16% 6in the blocker group and a 40% increase of the absolute risk in the double-lumen group. Statistical analysis was performed using BiAS 8.1-2005 for Windows (Epsilon-Verlag, Hochheim, Germany). In addition, vocal cord lesions and bronchial injuries were assessed by bronchoscopy and flexible laryngoscopy postoperatively. We hypothesized that using a bronchial blocker to achieve one-lung ventilation may result in a lower incidence of clinically relevant laryngeal and bronchial morbidity after open thoracotomy compared with a control group intubated with a DLT. 7imply that the incidence of postoperative hoarseness and vocal cord injury might be directly correlated with size of the used endotracheal tube. 11No data are available yet about the influence of the chosen technique on postoperative hoarseness, vocal cord injuries, sore throat, and bronchial injuries. 11,14It has been recently demonstrated that DLT and endobronchial blocker are similar in their efficacy to achieve lung isolation for elective thoracic surgery. ![]() One-lung ventilation during thoracotomy can be achieved via two basic techniques 10–12: (1) use of a double-lumen endotracheal tube (DLT) consisting of an endotracheal and an endobronchial lumen allowing independent single-lung ventilation 13 or (2) use of an endobronchial blocker such as the Arndt blocker, which allows lung collapse distal to the occlusion.
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